AIMS Journals - Research Round-Up

The journal regularly reviews research articles, predominantly by our Hon Research Officer, Jean Robinson. These reviews have been indexed under the title of the review article and each one is followed by the references of the research papers reviewed. The reviews may vary in length from a few paragraphs to half a page. We trust that these reviews will provide our readers with a resource to assist them in researching particular subjects.

These reviews give a summary in plain language of what the research says followed by comments from a consumer point of view.

You can read some of our Research Round-Up columns on this website; see our list of online articles to find out which.

Orders for the Journals in which the research reviews appear can be obtained from the Publications Secretary, Manor Barn, Thurloxton, Taunton, Somerset, TA2 8RH. Please make your cheque payable to AIMS. Journals published prior to 1993 cost £2.00, 1994-1996 cost £2.50, 1996 to date cost £3.50 (all prices include postage and packing).

The headings for each section are as follows:

Research Round-Up

Alternative Therapies
Amniocentesis
Anaesthetics
Antenatal Care
Antenatal Checks
Birth Defects
Birth Practices - UK and Overseas
Breast Feeding/Bottle Feeding
Breech Births
Caesareans
Case Reports
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Congenital Abnormalities
Death: Fetal/Baby
Death: Maternal
Drugs
Electronic Fetal Monitoring
Episiotomies
Forceps Delivery
General Maternity Issues
Home Birth
Hysterectomy
Infant Care
Infection
Labour
Legal Action
Maternity Equipment
Midwifery Issues
Miscarriage
Miscellaneous
Morning Sickness
Newborn
Normal Birth
Obstetric Issues
Paediatric Care
Pain Relief
Politics
Postnatal Depression
Pre-eclampsia
Social Services
Statistics
Stillbirth
Stress
Termination
Twins/Multiple Birth
Ultrasound
Uterine Rupture
Vaginal Birth After Caesareans - VBAC
Vaccination/Immunisation
Vacuum Delivery
Ventouse
Water Birth

Alternative Therapies

Acupuncture reduces need for epidural. AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p17&18
Reference:
Ramnero A et al. Acupuncture treatment during labour - a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Obstet Gynaecol, 2002, 109: 637-44

Sugar relieves pain in very premature babies. AIMS Journal. Vol 15. No. 2, 2003. p16
References:
Carbajal R et al. Crossover trail of analgesic efficacy of glucose and pacifier in very preterm neonates during sub subcutaneous injections. Paediatrics, 2002; 110: 389-93

Amniocentesis

Check who's doing the amniocentesis. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p 20.
Reference:
Blessed W, et al, Obstetrician-gynaecologists performing genetic amniocentesis may be misleading themselves and their patients, Am J Ob Gyn, 2001; 184: 1340-4.

Brain Damage from Amniocentesis. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p17.
Reference:
Squier, M, et al, Five cases of brain injury following amniocentesis in mid-term pregnancy, Development Med Child Neurol, 2000: 42: 544-560.

Medical Research Council European Trial of chorion villus sampling. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p24-25.
Reference:
Medical Research Council European Trial of chorion villus sampling, The Lancet, Vol 337, No. 8576, pp1491-8, 1991.

Multicentre randomised clinical trial of chorion villus sampling and amniocentesis. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p30.
Reference:
Canadian Collaborative CVS-Amniocentesis Clinical Trial Group. Multicentre randomised clinical trial of chorion villus sampling and amniocentesis. The Lancet, January 7 1989, p1-6.

Anaesthetics

Are anaesthetists losing their skills? AIMS Journal Vol 13, No 2, Summer 2001, p15-16.
Reference:
Khor L, et al, National obstetric anaesthetic practice in the UK 1997/8, Anaesthesia, 2000; 55: 1168-72.

Antenatal Care

Early Pregnancy Assessment Units. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p13.
Reference:
Bigrigg MA and Read MD, Management of women referred to early pregnancy assessment unit: care and cost effectiveness, BMJ 1991, 302:577-9.

The effect of physical activity during pregnancy on preterm delivery and birthweight. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 2, 1991, p13.
Reference:
Klebanoff, Shiono, Carey, The effect of physical activity during pregnancy on preterm delivery and birthweight. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nov 1990, vol 163 PTI, p1450-6.

Antenatal Checks

Fewer antenatal checks?. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 4, Winter 2001-2002, p18.
Reference:
Villar J, et al. WHO antenatal care randomised trail for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care, Lancet, 2001; 357: 1551-64. Hall M, Rationalisation of antenatal care, Lancet 2001, 357: 1546.

Is there protein in the urine? AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p15.
Reference:
Bell S, et al. The role of observer error in antenatal dipstick proteinuria analysis, Br J Ob Gyn, 1999; 106: 1177-80.

Electronic Fetal Monitoring. AIMS Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1990, p11.
Reference:
Luthy DA, Shy KK, Van Belle G et al: A randomised trial of electronic fetal monitoring in preterm labour. Obstet Gynecol. 1987: 69: 687-95.

Birth Asphyxia and the Intrapartum Cardiotocograph. Includes a 'Comment' from Johanna Billingsly. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 4, 1990, p11-13.
Reference:
Murphy, Johnson, Moorcraft et al, Birth Asphyxia and the intrapartum cardiotocograph, Br. J. Obs and Gyn (June 90), Vol 197, pp 470-479.

Invasive studies during normal pregnancy. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p29.
Reference:
Berkowitz RL and Berkowitz GS. Invasive studies during normal pregnancy. Editorial. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 75, 6, 1041-1042, 1990.

Antenatal Screening for Fetal Renal Abnormalities. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 1, 1990, p6.
Reference:
Livera, Brookfield, Egginton, Hawnaur. Antenatal Ultrasonography to Detact Fetal Renal Abnormalities: a prospective screening Programme. BMJ, Vol 298, 27th May 1989.

Antenatal Prophylaxis with Anti-D Immunoglobulin. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 1, 1990, p6.
Reference:
Thornton, Page, Foote, Arthur, Tovey, Scott. Effectiveness and Long Term Effects of Antenatal Prophylaxis with anti-D Immunoglobulin. BMJ Vol 298, 24th June 1989.

Consenting to HIV Tests. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p22.
Reference:
Karim QA, et al, Informed consent for HIV testing in a South African hospital: Is it truly informed and truly voluntary? Am J Pub Health, 1998; 8: 637-40.

Baby Defects

We were wrong - the baby has Downs. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000,p17.
Reference:
Hall S, Bobrow M, Marteau T, Psychological consequences for parents of false negative results on prenatal screening for Down's syndrome: retrospective interview study, BMJ, 2000: 320: 407-412.

Cleft lip and palate. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p18.
Reference:
Pan Y et al, Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal outcome of facial clefts, J Med Ultrasound, 1998:631-6.

Increase in birth defects. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p21.
Reference:
Penman D, et al, Increase in incidence of gastroschisis in the South West of England in 1995, Br J Ob Gyn, 1998; 105: 328-31.

Abortions for Misdiagnosed Abnormality? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997,p18-19.
Reference:
Gravhold CH et al. Prenatal and Postnatal prevalence of Turner's syndrome: A registry study. BMJ, 1996; 312: 16-21.

Autism is Increasing. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p20.
Reference:
Webb EVJ et al. The changing prevalence of autistic disorder in a Welsh health district. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1997; Vol 39: p150-52.

Down's Risk Factors. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 1, Spring 1997, p18.
References:
Schimmel MS, et al. Increased parity and risk of trisomy 21: review of 37,110 live births. BMJ Vol 314; 1997: p720-1.
Lilford RJ, Commentary: Down's Syndrome and parity. BMJ, 314; 1997: 721.

Reducing the Risk of Birth Defects. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 4, Winter 1995/6, p15.
References:
Lie RT et al. A population based study of the risk of recurrence of birth defects. New England Journal of Medicine 1994, Vol 331, p1-4.
Beech B and Robinson J. Ultrasound? Unsound. AIMS 1994.

Birth Practices - UK and Overseas

Why Brazilian women want caesareans. AIMS Journal, Vol 14, No. 1, 2002, p19.
Reference:
Behague D, et al, Consumer demand for caesarean sections in Brazil: population based birth cohort study linking ethnographic and epidemiological methods, BMJ. 2002; 324: 942-6.

Mexican American Babies - Higher Mortality. AIMS Journal, Vol 14, No. 1, 2002, p20.
Reference:
Collins J et al, Disparate postneonatal mortality rates of Mexican American infants with US-born and Mexican-born mothers in Chicago: a population based study, Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 2000; 14: A5.

Informed "consent" in Bangladesh. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p18.
Reference:
Lynoe N, et al. Obtaining informed consent in Bangladesh, N Eng J Med, 2001; 344: 460-1.

Cultural differences in birth care - Japan and Somalia. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 4, Winter 2000/1, p 14-15.
References:
Essen B, et al, Qualitative study of pregnancy and childbirth experiences in Somalian women resident in Sweden, Br J Ob Gyn, 2000; 107:1507-1512.
Yeo S, et al, Japanese couples' childbirth experiences in Michigan: implications for care, Birth, 2000; 27: 191-8.

Choice of birth in Finland. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p17-18.
Reference:
Visainen K et al, Interest in alternative birth settings in Finland. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: pp729-35. '

Spiritual Birth in Japan. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p18-19.
Reference:
Misago C, et al, Satisfying birth experiences in Japan, Lancet, 2000; 355: 2256.

Discrimination in Dublin. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p18.
Reference:
Birchard K, Irish doctor wins sex discrimination case, Lancet, 2000; 355: 1895.

Fewer hospitals - more accidental births. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p16-17.
Reference:
Visainen K et al, Accidental out of hospital births in Finland: incidence and geographical distribution 1963-95, Acta Ob Gyn Scand, 1999; 79: 372-8.

What's in the water? AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p17.
Reference:
Malcolm M, et al, Something in the water? A health impact assessment of disinfection by-products in New Zealand, New Z Med J, 1999; 112: 404-7.

Virginity examinations in Turkey. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p18.
Reference:
Frank M, et al, Virginity examinations in Turkey - role of forensic physicians in controlling female sexuality. JAMA 1999; 282: 485-90.

Gulf War and miscarriage rate. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p17.
Reference:
Rajab K, et al, Incidence of spontaneous abortion in Bahrain before and after the Gulf War of 1991, Int J Gyn Obs, 2000; 168: 139-44.

Wonderful Welsh Data - A Bouquet to Cardiff. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p14.
Reference:
All Wales perinatal Survey and Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy - Annual Report 1998, Perinatal Survey Office, Department of Child Health, University of Wales, Cardiff.

100 Maternal Deaths a Week in Ghana. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p19.

Does Japanese Diet Reduce Later Cancer Risk? AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p18.
Reference:
Adlercreutz H, et al, Maternal and neonatal phytoestrogens in Japanese women during birth, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 180: 737-43.

Risks of giving birth at night. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 1, Spring 1998. p16-17.
Reference:
Stewart J, et al, Numbers of deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia and timing of birth in all Wales perinatal survey, 1993-5. BMJ, 1998; 316: 657-66.

Congratulations to the Coombe Hospital in Dublin. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p20.
Reference:
Turner M. Delivery after one previous caesarean section. Am J of Ob and Gyn 1997, Vol 176; p741-3.

South African Obstetricians' View on Caesareans. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 2, Summer 1994, p14.
Reference:
Chalmers BE, McIntyre JA, Meyer D, South African Medical Journal, Vol 82, Sept 92, pp161-163.

Home Birth in Switzerland. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 4, Winter 1996/7, p17.
Reference:
Ackermann-Liebrich U. et al, Home versus hospital deliveries: follow-up study of matched pairs for procedures and outcome. BMJ 1996; 313: 1313-8.

Breastfeeding in Canada. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 149: p196, 1993.

The impact of Early Medical Technology on Maternal Mortality in Late 19th Century Sweden. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 4, Winter 1992/3, p16-17.
Reference:
Hogberg U, Wall S, Grostrom G. The impact of early medical technology on maternal mortality in late 19th Century Sweden. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1986;24:251-261.

Holland - Home Birth is Great for Multips. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 4, Winter 1996/7, p18.
Reference:
Wiegers T, et al, Outcome of planned home and planned hospital births in low risk pregnancies: prospective study in midwifery practices in the Netherlands. BMJ 1996, Vol 313: 1309-13.

What Users Think: A survey of NHS Users in Scotland in 1992. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 3, Autumn 1994, p18.
Reference:
Capewell S. Health Bulletin 52 (1) January 1994.

Breast Feeding/Bottle Feeding

Higher IQ in breastfed low birthweight babies'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p19.
Reference:
Horwood L, Breastmilk feeding and cognitive ability at 7-8 years, Arch Dis Childhood Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2001;84: F23-F27.

Breastfeeding: Using Lay Counsellors. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p20.
Reference:
Morrow A et al, Efficacy of home-based peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding: A randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 1999; 353: 1226-31.

Jailed Just For Breastfeeding. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 1, Spring 1996, p20.
Reference:
Ariagno R et al, Methamphetamine ingensition by a greast-feeding mother and her infants's death: People V. Henderson. JAMA 1995, 274; 215.
Green L. People v. Henderson: The prosecution responds. JAMA 1996, 275:183.
Ariagno R, et al. JAMA 1996, 275:183-4.

Breast Implants Damage Breastfed Children. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 1, Spring 1994, p15.
Reference:
Levine J and Ilowite T. Scleroderma-like oesophageal disease in children breast fed by mothers with silicone breast implants. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1994, Vol 271, No. 3, p213-216.

Breastfed Babies Do Better. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Rogen WJ, Gladen BC. Breastfeeding and cognitive development, Early Human Dev 31: p181-193, 1993.

Breastfeeding Protects against Breast Cancer. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
United Kingdom National Case-Control Study Group, BMJ 307: p17-20, 1993.

Breastfeeding in Canada. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 149: p196, 1993.

Nurses can Undermine Breastfeeding. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Lewinski C. Nurses' knowledge of breastfeeding in a clinical setting. Human Lactation 8 (3): p143-148, 1992.

Toxins in Breastmilk. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Frank and Newman J. Breastfeeding in a polluted world: uncertain risks, clear benefits. Can Med Assoc J 149 (1): p33-36, 1993.

Preterm babies. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Williams AF, Human Milk and the preterm baby, BMJ 306: p1628-1629, 1993.

Effect of Companionship on Labour and Breastfeeding. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p14.
Reference:
Justus Hofmeyr G, Nikodem CV, Wolman WL, Chalmers BE, Kramer T, Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour and breast-feeding, BJOG, August 1991, Vol 98, pp756-764.

Breech Birth

Turning the breech baby: what is the outcome? AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p15 &16
Reference:
1. Chan LY et al. High incidence of obstetric interventions after successful external cephalic version. Br. J. Obstet Gynaecol, 2002; 109: 627-31

Breech babies - caesarean or vaginal birth? AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 4, Winter 2000/1, p12-13.
Reference:
Hannah, M et al, Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial, Lancet, 2000; 356: 1375-1383.

Breech Babies in the Womb. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p14-15.
Reference:
Kean L, et al. A comparison of fetal behaviour in breech and cephalic presentations at term, Br J Ob Gyn, 1999, 106: 1209-13.

Turning the Breech Baby. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p20.
Reference:
Lau T, et al. Predictors of successful external cephalic version at term: a prospective study. Br Journ Obs and Gyn, 1997; 104: 798-802.

Turning Breech Babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p14-15.
References:
Mahomed K, Seeras R, Coulson, R, External cephalic version at term. A randomised controlled trial using tocolysis. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, January 1991, Vol 98, p8-13.
Gofmeyr GJ, Commentary: external cephalic version: how high are the stakes? BJOG, January 1991, Vol 98, p1-7.

Use of Pelvimetry in Breech Presentation. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 2, 1991, p13.
Reference:
Van Loon, Mantingh, Thijn, Mooyaart, Pelvimetry by Magnetic resonance imaging in Breech Presentation. Am J of Obstet and Gyn, October 1990, vol 163;No.4, Pt1, p1256-1260.

Routine Caesarean for Breech Delivery is Unnecessary. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p20.
Reference:
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol. 156, No. 1, Jan 1987, p6-10.

Caesareans

Emergency caesareans - how long does it take? AIMS Journal, Vol 14, No. 1, 2002, p17-18.
References:
Mackenzie I Z, Cooke I, What is a reasonable time from decision-to-delivery by caesarean section? Evidence from 415 deliveries, Br J Ob Gyn, 2002; 109: 498-504.
Helmy W et al, The decision-to-delivery interval for emergency caesarean section: is 30 minutes a realistic target? Br J Ob Gyn, 2002; 109:505-8.
CEDSI 7th Annual Report 2000, Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium, London.

How often do caesarean babies get cut? AIMS Journal, Vol 14, No. 1, 2002, p18-19.
Reference:
Wiener J and Westwood J, Fetal lacerations at caesarean section, J Ob Gyn, 2002; 22: 23-4.

Racial discrimination and birth weight. AIMS Journal, Vol 14, No. 1, 2002, p19.
Reference:
Collins J et al, Low income African-American mothers' perception of exposure to racial discrimination and infant birth weight, Epidemiology, 2000; 11: 337-9.

Caesarean mothers have worst postnatal health. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 4, Winter 2001-2002, p17-18.
Reference:
Lydon-Rochelle M, et al, Delivery method and self-reported postpartum general health status among primiparous women, Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 2001; 15: 232-40.

'Caesareans as a cause of low birthweight'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 4, Winter 2001-2002, p18.
Reference:
Silva A, et al, Risk factors for low birthweight in north-east Brazil: the role of caesarean section, Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 2001; 15: 157-64.

'More Caesarean hysterectomies'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p 16.
References:
Duncan T and Strachan B, Can we predict maternal and neonatal morbidity in placenta previa?, J Ob Gyn, 2001; 21 (Suppl): S53.
Coulter-smith S and McKenna P, Higher caesarean section rates: what is the effect on maternal health, J Ob Gyn, 2001; 21 (Supp): S46.
Langdana F et al, Peripartum hysterectomy in the 1990s: any new lessons? J Ob Gyn, 2001; 21: 121-3.

'Women doctors do fewer caesareans'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001.
Reference:
Mitler L, et al, Physician gender and caesarean sections, Journal of clinical Epidemiology 2000; 53: 1030-35.

'More on caesarean rates for doctors'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 1, Spring 2001, p16.
Reference:
Lawrie T et al, High caesarean section rates for pregnant medical practitioners in South Africa, Int J Gyn Ob, 2001; 72: 71-3.

'Caesareans do not prevent urinary incontinence'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 1, Spring 2001, p16-17
Reference:
FaundesA, The risk of urinary incontinence of parous women who delivered only by caesarean section, Int J Gyn Ob, 2001; 72: 41-46. .

Caesarean rate in Latin America. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p17.
Reference:
Belizan J, et al, Rates and implications of caesarean sections in Latin America: ecological study, BMJ, 1999: 319: 1397-9, 1401-2.

Gallbladder and appendicitis risk after caesarean. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p18.
Reference:
Lydon-Rochell M, et al, Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalization, JAMA, 2000; 283: 2411-6.

Caesareans cause placenta praevia and accreta. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p19.
Reference:
Ziadeh S et al, Placental praevia and accreta: an analysis of two years' experience, J Ob Gyn, 1998; 19: 584 -6.

Caesarean Dangers if HIV positive. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p15.

Caesareans Increase Future Risks. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p22.
Reference:
Zaki M, et al, Risk factors and morbity in patients with placenta previa accreta compared to placenta previa non-accreta, Acta Ob Gyn Scand, 1998; 77: 391-4.

Emergency Hysterectomy in Childbirth. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p19-20.
Reference:
Greene R, et al. Long-term implications of caesarean section. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1997, 176.

Infection and Caesarean Section. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 4, Winter 1997/8, p15.
Reference:
Lasley D, et al, The effect of placental removal method on the incidence of postcaesarean infections, Am J Ob Gyn, 1997; 176: 1250-4.

Caesarean Section - "Loss of Soul". AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 3, Autumn 1995, p16.
Reference:
Rice PL, et al. Childbirth and Soul Loss: The case of a Hmong Woman. Medical Journal of Australia, 1994, 160. Vol 160, p577-8.

"I want a caesarean". AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 2, Summer 1995, p15.
Reference:
Atiba EO, et al. Patients' expectation and caesarean section rate. The Lancet, 1993, Vol 341, p246.

South African Obstetricians' View on Caesareans. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 2, Summer 1994, p14.
Reference:
Chalmers BE, McIntyre JA, Meyer D, South African Medical Journal, Vol 82, Sept 92, pp161-163.

Twins By Caesarean? AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 2, Summer 1994, p14.
Reference:
Henriksen T, et al, Caesarean (sic) section in twin pregnancies in two Danish counties with different caesarean section rates, Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavica, 1994, Vol 73, p123-128.

Postnatal X-Ray pelvimetry after caesarean section and Management of subsequent delivery. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p23.
Reference:
Krishnamurthy, S, Fairlie F, Cameron AD, Walker JJ, Mackenzie JR, The role of postnatal x-ray pelvimetry after caesarean section in the management of subsequent delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaec, July 1991, Vol 98, pp716-718.

Outcome of a second pregnancy after a previous elective caesarean. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p24.
Reference:
Coltart TM, Davies JA, Katesmark M. Outcome of a second pregnancy after a previous elective caesarean, BJOG, Vol 97, Dec 1990, pp1140-1143.

Delivery after one caesarean: Audit of current Practice. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p25.
Reference:
Paterson and Saunders, Mode of delivery after one caesarean section: audit of current practice in a health region. BMJ, 303: 818-21, Oct 1991.

Is a Repeat Caesarean Section the "Safe" Option? AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p25-26.
Reference:
Gilbert, Saunders and Sharp. The Management of Multiple Pregnancy in Women with segment caesarean scar. Is a repeat caesarean section really the "safe" option? Dept Obs & Gyn Northern General Hospital, Sheffield.

Caesarean predisposes to Long Labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p26.
Reference:
Science News, Vol 137, June 16, 1990.

The consequences of Epidural Anaesthesia on the Caesarean Experience and the Early Mother/Baby relationship. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 2, 1991, p13-14.
Reference:
Garel M, Lelong N, Kaminski M, Consequences de l'analgesie peridurale sur l'experience de la cesarienne et les premieres relations mere-enfant, J. Gynaecol obstet Biol Reprod, 1987, 16, 219-228.

The rising Caesarean section rate - a year's audit to assess the trend. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p30.
Reference:
Urquhart, DR, Grieve RMK, Geals MF. The rising Caesarean section rate - a year's audit to assess the trend. Health Bulletin, vol 45, No. 6, November 1987, p316-328.

Routine Caesarean for Breech Delivery is Unnecessary. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p20.
Reference:
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol. 156, No. 1, Jan 1987, p6-10.

Socioeconomic Differences in Rates of Caesarean Section. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p20.
Reference:
Socioeconomic differences in rates of Caesarean Section. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 321, No, 4. July 1989, p233-239.

Pre-term Caesarean Section. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p20-21.
Reference:
British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Vol 95, No. 3, March 1988.

Caesarean Choice for very Pre-term Babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p21.
Reference:
Classical versus Lower Segment Caesarean Section in very Pre-term deliveries. The Lancet, April 2, 1988.

Caesarean or Forceps delivery not necessary after surgery for Detachment of the Retina. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p21
Reference:
Inglesby DV, et al. Surgery for detachment of the retina should not affect normal delivery. BMJ 1990, 300:980.

Case Reports

'Barriers to telling the truth'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p18.
Reference:
Hubregtse G and Collins S. Patient Consent for Case Reports, Anaesthesia, 2001, 56: 906.

'Barriers to telling the truth'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p18.
Reference:
Hubregtse G and Collins S, Patient consent for Case Reports, Anaesthesia, 2001 56:906. Robinson J, How to get sued: the step by step guide to increase litigation against your trust, Br J Midwifery, 1997; 5: 641.

Getting Records Changed - An Ombudsman Case. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 3, Autumn 1997, p15.
Reference:
Case No E.587/96-97 Response to request for access to records Health Service commissioner. Second Report for Session 1997-98. Selected Investigations completed October 1996 to March 1997. HMSO 1997.

Missing Case Notes - Why? AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 2, Summer 1995, p14-15.
References:
Yoong, A, et al. Medical audit: the problem of missing case notes. Health Trends 1993, Vol 25, pp114-116.
Lewis E and Bourne S. Letter to Health Trends, Health Trends, 1994, Vol 26, p56.
Bourne S. The psychological effects of stillbirths on women and their doctors. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1968, Vol 16, pp103-12.

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Congenital Abnormalities

A possible cause of hypospadias. AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p18
Reference:
Hughes 1 et al. Reduced birth weight in boys with hypospadias: an index of androgen dysfunction? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonat. Ed, 2002:87:F150-1

Deaths: Fetal/Baby

Is it harmful to see your dead baby? AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p16&17
Reference:
Hughes P. et al. Assessment of guidelines for good practice in psycholosical care of mothers after stillbirth: a cohort study. Lancet, 2002; 360: 114-8

'What does "perinatal mortality" mean?' AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p19.
Reference:
Garne, E, Perinatal Mortality rates can no longer be used for comparing quality of perinatal health services between countries, Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 2001; 15: 315-6.

Painkillers, migraine drugs, fertility drugs and ultrasound - could they cause baby deaths? AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p 16-17.
Reference:
Pastore L et al, Risk of stillbirth from medications, illnesses and medical procedures, Paed. Perinatal Epidemiol, 1999; 13: 421-430.

Good Results in the Northern Region. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 4, Winter 1996/7, p16-17.
Reference:
Northern Regional Pernatal Mortality Survey Coordinating Group. Collaborative survey of perinatal loss in planned and unplanned home births. BMJ 1966; 313: 1306-9.

Babies who cannot be saved. AIMS Journal, Vol 10. No 4, Winter1998/9, p17.
Reference:
McHaffie H, Fowlie P, Withdrawing treatment from neonates: the tensions of a team approach, Health Bulletin, 1998; 56: 803-12.

Sudden Infant Deaths; Antepartum stillbirths; Home births; Ruptured uterus; Shoulder dystocia. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p18-19.
Reference:
CEDSI, Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy 4th Annual Report. Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium, Chiltern Court, 188 Baker Street, London, NW1 5SD. 1998.

Asbestos Danger. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 3, Autumn 1997, p15.
Reference:
Aque, A, et al. Is there transplacental transfer of asbestos? A study of 40 stillborn infants. Pediatric Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1996; 16: 877-892.

What if Your Baby Doesn't Breathe After Birth? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 3, Autumn 1997, p16.
References:
CEDSI Confidential Enquiries into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. Fourth Annual Report 1 Jan - 31 Dec 1995. Published by Maternal and Child Health Research consortium, London 1997.
Resuscitation of babies at birth. A report of the Joint Working Party of the Royal College of paediatrics and Child Health and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. BMJ Publishing Group, London, 1997.

The Politics of Baby Deaths. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 3, Autumn 1996, p15-16.
References:
Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. 3rd Annual Report 1 Jan - 31 Dec. 1994. Department of Health 1996.
Eispieler C, Kenner T. A possible relation between oxytocin for induction of labour and sudden infant death syndrome. New Eng Jour Med. 1985; 313: 1660.
Kenner T, Eispieler C. New Eng Jour Med 1986; 315: 193.
Maternal Perinatal and Infant Mortality in South Australia 1994 South Australian health Commission, Adelaide, Sept. 1995.

Baby Deaths in Wales. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 3, Autumn 1996, p16-17.
Reference:
All Wales Perinatal Survey and Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. Annual Report 1995 Perinatal Survey Office, Department of child Health. University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff. 1996.

Death: Maternal

Maternal Deaths - Thrombosis the Main Killer. AIMS Journal, Vol 10. No 4, Winter1998/9, p15-16.
Reference:
Why Mothers Die - Report on Confidential Enquiries into maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom 1994-6, Department of Health, HMSO, London.

Maternal Deaths. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 2, Summer 1996, p17.
Reference:
Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom, 1991-3, HMSO 1996.

Maternal Deaths - Whose Fault? AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 2, Summer 1996, p18.
Reference:
Pampel FC, Pital VK. Patterns of determinants of infant mortality in developed nations: 1950-1975 DEMOGRAPHY, 19986,23: 525-42.

Drugs

Acupuncture reduces need for epidural. AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p17&18
Reference:
1. Ramnero A et al. Acupuncture treatment during labour - a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Obstet Gynaecol, 2002, 109: 637-44

Drugs in labour affect newborn behaviour. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p17.
Reference:
Ransjo-Arvidson, et al. Maternal analgesia during labour disturbs newborn behaviour: effects on breastfeeding, temperature and crying, Birth 2001; 28: 5-12.

Drugs in labour and drug addiction. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 4, Winter 2001/1, p13-14.
Reference:
Nyberg K, et al, Perinatal medication as a potential risk factor for adult drug abuse in a North American cohort, Epidemiology, 2000: 11; 715-6.

How much oxytocin? AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p19-20.
Reference:
Arnott N, et al, Variations in oxytocin regimes in Scottish Labour wards in 1998, J Ob Gyn, 2000; 20: 235-8.

Too much Naloxone. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p20.
Reference:
Cochran D, Safe reduction in administration of naloxone to newborn infants, Arch Dis Child, 2000; Suppl 1: A31.

Entenox and cross infection. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p16.
Reference:
Chilvers R and Weisz M, Entonox equipment as a potential source of cross-infection, Anaesthesia, 2000; 155:176-9.

Organic solvents cause malformed babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p16-17.
Reference:
Khattak S, et al, Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to organic solvents, JAMA, 1999; 281: 1106-9.

Antibiotics - a cause of sepsis in babies? AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p16.
Reference:
Mercer B et al, Antibiotic and drug-resistant infant sepsis, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 181: 816-21.

Pain relief - pethidine or diamorphine? AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p19.
Reference:
Fairlie E et al, Intramuscular opioids for maternal pain relief in labour: a randomised controlled trial comparing pethidine with diamorphine, Br J Obs Gyn, 1999; 106: 1181-1187.

A comparative study of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), entonox, Pethidine + Promazine, and Lumbar Epidural for Pain Relief in Labour, AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 2, 1991, p13.
Reference:
Harrison RF, Shore M, Woods T, et al, A comparative study of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), Entonox, Pethidine + promazine and Lumbar Epidural for Pain Relief in Labour, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 66: 9-14, 1987, p13.

Anti Progestins for Induction? AIMS Drugwatch. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p13.
Reference:
Stenlund P, et al. Induction of labour with mifepristone - a randomised double-blind study versus placebo, ACTA Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1999; 78: 7933-798.

Short Term Effects on Antenatal Steriods on the Fetus. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p13-14.
Reference:
Rotmensch S, et al. The effect of betamethasone of fetal biophysical activities and Doppler velocimetry of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1999, 78: 768-773.

Dangers of Antibiotic Vaginal Cream. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p 19.
Reference:
Vermeulen G and Bruinse H, Prophylactic administration of clindamycin 2% vaginal cream to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women with an increased recurrence risk: a randomised placebo-controlled double blind trial, Br J Ob Gyn, 1999; 106: 652-7.

Epidurals and Fever. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p19.
Reference:
Dashe J et al, Epidural analgesia and intrapartum fever: placental findings, Ob Gyn, 1999; 93: 341-6.

Zinc and the Development of the Fetus. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p20.
References:
Merialid M et al. Am JK, Adding zinc to prenatal iron and folate tablets improves fetal neurobehavioural development, Ob Gyn, 1999; 180: 483-90.
Newnham J et al, Effects of frequent ultrasound during pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 1993; 342: 821-7.

More adverse effects on Stilboestrol. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p15-16.
Reference:
Vingerhoets, A, et al, Prenatal diethylostilbestrol exposure and self-reported immune-related diseases, Eur J Ob Gyn Reprod Biol, 1998; 77: 205-9.

Swings and Roundabouts of Folic Acid. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 3, Autumn 1997, p13-14.
References:

Butterworth C, et al, Folate deficiency and cervical dysplasia. Journal of the American Medical Association 1992, 267: 528-33.
Heimburger D, et al. Improvements in bronchial squamous metaplasia in smokers treated with folate and vitamin B12. Journal of the American Medical Association 1988, 10; 1525-1530.
Ceizel, A. Folic Acid and prevention of birth defects. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1996; 275: 1635.
MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. The Lancet, 1991; 338: 131-7.
Czeizel A, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. New England Journal of Medicine, 1992; 327: 1832-5.
Health Education Authority. Folic Acid what all women should know. 1997, H.E.A. London.
Mills J and Raymond E. Effects of recent research on recommendations for periconceptional folate supplement use. Annal of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1993, 678; 137-145.
Czeizel A, Dobo M. Postnatal somatic and mental development after periconceptional multi-vitamin supplementation. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1994; 70: 229-33.
Czeizel A, et al. No change in sexual activity during preconceptional multivitamin supplementation. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1996; 103: 569-73.
Czeizel, A. Higher rate of multiple births after periconceptional vitamin supplementation. New England Journal of Medicine, 1994; 330: 1687-8.
Hook E, and Czeizel A. Can terathanasia explain the protective effect of folic acid supplementation on birth defects? The Lancet, 1997; 350: 513-5.

Petrochemical Fragrances - Are They Safe for Babies? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 3, Autumn 1997, p 16.
References:

Mindel, Earl, The Anti-Ageing Bible, Bookman Press, 1995, p291.
Killheffer, Theodore, Synthetic Perfumes, in Popular Science Encyclopaedia, Vol 10, p229-34.

Caffeine during Pregnancy: Grounds for Concern? AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 3, Autumn 1994, p19. Reference:
Eskenanzi B, JAMA Vol 270A, No. 24, 22/29 Dec 1993, pp2973-2974.

Long Term Effects of Vitamin Supplements in Pregnancy. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 2, Summer 1994, p14-15.
References:
Czeizel A, and Dobo M, Postnatal somatic and mental development after perconceptual multivitamin supplementation, Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 1994, Vol 70, p229-233.
Holmes-Seidal M, et al, Long term effects of periconceptual multivitamin supplements for prevention of neural tube defects, Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 1992, vol 67, p1436-1441.

The Dangers of Indomethacin. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 1, Spring 1994, p15-16.
Reference:
Norton M, et al. Neonatal complications after the administration of indomethacin for preterm labour. New England Journal of Medicine, 1993, Vol 329, p1602-1606.

Multivitamin Protection. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 329, p536-41, 1993.

Folic Acid and the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. AIMS Journal, Vol 5, No. 2, Summer 1993, p18.
Reference:
Report from an Expert Advisory Group.

Vitamin K to Neonates - Peroral vs Intramuscular administration. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p15.
Reference:
Jorgensen FS, Felding P, Vinther S, Anderson GE, Vitamin K to Neonates - Peroral vs Intramuscular Administration. Acta paediator, Scand. 80: 304-307, 1991.

Calcium supplementation during Pregnancy and Preterm Labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 2, 1991, p14.
Reference:
Villar J, Repke JT, Calcium Supplementation during Pregnancy may reduce preterm delivery in High-Risk Populations. Am Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, October 1990 (Vol 163, No. 4, Part 1, pp1124-1131).

Electronic Fetal Monitoring

Monitoring the baby - fetal pulse oximetry. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 4, Winter 2000/1, p15-16.
References:
Garite T, et al, A multicenter controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry in the intrapartum management of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns, Am J Ob Gyn, 2000; 183: 1049-58.
Parer J and King T, Fetal heart rate monitoring: Is it salvageable? Am J Ob Gyn, 2000; 183: 982-7.

Who can read the CTG? AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p18.
Reference:
Ayres-de-Campos D, et al, Inconsistencies in classfication by experts of cardiotocograms and subsequent clinical decision, Br J Obs Gyn, 1999; 106: 1307-1310.

Episiotomies

Postpartum symptoms. Episiotomy or tear at vaginal delivery. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p30.
Reference:
Thenov I, Kringelbach AM, Melchoir E, Olsen O, Damsgaard MT. Postpartum symptoms. Episiotomy or tear at vaginal delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (1990). 69, 11-15.

Avoiding Rupture of the Anal Sphincter. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p 18.
Reference:
Pirhonen J et al, Frequency of anal sphincter rupture at delivery in Sweden and Finland - result of difference in manual help to the baby's head. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1998; 974-77.

Forceps Delivery

Men Use More Forceps. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p18.
Reference:
Bonar K, et al, The effect of obstetric resident gender on forceps delivery rate, Am J Ob Gyn, 2000; 182: 1050-1.

Vacuum and forceps - birth injury risks. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p17.
Reference:
Towner D, et al, Effect of mode of delivery in nulliparous women on neonatal intracranial injury, N Eng J Med, 1999; 341:1709-14.

Bowel Damage from Vaginal Delivery - Forceps Increase the Risk. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 1, Spring 1994, p14-15.
Reference:
Logue M. Management of the third stage of labour - a midwife's view. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1990. 10. (Suppl2) S10-S12.
MacArthur C, Lewis M, Knox EG. Health after Childbirth - an investigation of long term health problems beginning after childbirth in 11701 women. HMSO London 1991.

General Maternity Issues

What women really want. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p17-18.
References:
Impey L, Maternal attitudes to amniotomy and labour duration: a survey in early pregnancy, Birth, 1999; 26: 211-17.
Robinson J, It's only a questionnaire: ethics in social science research, Br J Midwifery, 1996; 4: 41-6.
AIMS/NCT, A charter for ethical research in maternity care, AIMS/National Childbirth Trust, 1996.
National Childbirth Trust, Rupture of the membranes in labour. A survey conducted by the National Childbirth Trust. NCT London, 1989.

Dangers of birth before 38 weeks. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p19-20.
Reference:
Madar J, Richmond S and Hey E, Surfactant-deficient respiratory distress at "term", Acta Paed, 1999;88: 1244-8.

Infection Caused by Internal Examinations. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p17.
Reference:
Imseis H, et al, The microbiologic effect of digital cervical examination, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 180: 578-80.

Massaging the Perineum prevents Injury. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p17-18.
Reference:
Labrecque M., et al, Randomized controlled trial of prevention of perineal trauma by perineal massage during pregnancy, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 180: 593-60.

Home Birth

How to get a DOMINO - Book a Home Birth! AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 4, Winter 1996/7, p16.
Reference:
Davies J, et al, Prospective regional study of planned home births, BMJ, 1996; Vol 313: 1302-6.

Home Birth in NE England. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 3, Autumn 1995, p17-18.
Reference:
Davies J, Report of the Northern Region Home Birth Survey 1993, Northern and Yorkshire Regional Health Authority, 1994.

Outcome of Planned Home Births in an Inner City Practice. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 4, Winter 1992/3, p16.
Reference:
Ford C, Illiffe S, and Franklin O. Outcome of planned home births in an inner city practice. BMJ, Vol 303, 14 Dec 1991, 1517-1519.

The Safety of Home Birth: The Farm Study. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 4, Winter 1992/3, p17.
Reference:
Durrand M. Journal of the American Public Health Association, March 1992;82:450-452.

Normal Confinement: A Domiciliary and Hospital Study. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 4, Winter 1992/3, p17-18.
Reference:
Alment EAJ, Barr A, Reid A and Reid JJA. Normal confinement: A Domiciliary and Hospital Study. BMJ, 1967, 2, 530-535.

Women Prefer Hospital Births ….. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 4, Winter 1992/3, p18-19.
References:
House of Commons Select Committee in Maternity Services. Maternity Services, second report. London: HMSO, 1992.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Response to the report of the House of Commons Select Committee in Maternity Services, London:RCOG, 1992.
Warden J. Home Truths about maternity services. BMJ, 1992; 304: 657. (14 March)
Roseveare P, Robinson D, Allen K, Sewell E, Cheal C, Sikorski J, et al. Provision of home births. BMJ 1992;304:1569 (13 June).

Hysterectomy

Obstetric hysterectomy - an alarming report. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p18
Reference:
Gould D, et al. Emergency obstetric hysterectomy - an increasing incidence. Journ. Obstet. Gyn, 1999; 19: 580-583. .

Infant Care

More About Kangaroo Care. AIMS Journal, Vol 10. No 4, Winter1998/9, p17.
Reference:
Cattaneo A, et al, Kangaroo mother care for low birthweight infants: a randomised controlled trial in different settings, Acta paediatrica, 1998: 87: 976-85.

Preterm babies. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Williams AF, Human Milk and the preterm baby, BMJ 306: p1628-1629, 1993.

Infection

The nasty Streptococcus . AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p18
Reference:
1. Oddie S et al. Risk factors for early onset neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis: case-control study. BMJ,2002;325:308-11
2. Kenyon S et al. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membrances: the ORACLE randomised trail. Lancet, 2001;357:979-88

Antibiotics - a cause of sepsis in babies? AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p16.
Reference:
Mercer B et al, Antibiotic and drug-resistant infant sepsis, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 181: 816-21.

Vaginal Examinations Cause Infection. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 4, Winter 1997/8, p15.
Reference:
Seaward G, et al, International multicentre term prelabor rupture of membranes study: evaluation of predictors of clinical chorioamnionitis and postpartum fever in patients with prelabour rupture of membranes at term, Am J Ob Gyn, 1997; 177: 1024-9.

Could You Be HIV Positive? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 4, Winter 1997/8, p16.
References:
Nicoll A, et al, Epidemiology and detection of HIV-1 among pregnant women in the UK: results from national surveillance 1988-96, BMJ, 1998; 316: 253-7.
Gibb D, et al, Factors affecting uptake of antenatal HIV testing: randomised controlled trial of different methods of offering the test, BMJ, 1998; 316: 262-67.
Jones S, et al, Does the uptake of antenatal HIV testing depend on the individual midwife? Cross sectional study, BMJ, 1998; 316: 272-3.

Jaundice at 14 Days: Exclude Biliary Atresia. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 3, Autumn 1992, p14.
Reference:
Howard ER, Mowat AP, Extrahepatic Biliary Artesia. Recent developments in management. Arch Dis Child 1977; 52:825-7.

Labour

'More food in labour - fewer forceps/vacuum births?' AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p 19-20.
Reference:
Scheepers H, et al, Eating and drinking in labor: the influence of caregiver advice on women's behaviour, Birth, 2001; 28: 119-123.

Eating in Labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p18.
Reference:
Armstrong T, and Johnston I, Which women want food during labour? Results of an audit in a Scottish DGH, Health Bulletin, 2000; 58: 141-144.

Interference in first births. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 4, Winter 1999, p18-19.
Reference:
Williams F et al, UK study on intrapartum care for low risk primigravidas: a survey of interventions, J Epidemiol Community Health, 1998; 52: 494-500.

Another Doula Study. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p16-17.
Reference:
Madi B et al, Effects of female relative support in labour: a randomised controlled trial, Birth, 1999; 26: 4-8.

Blood Flow to the Fetus. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 4, Winter 1998/9, p17.
Reference:
Nakai Y, et al, Effects of maternal prone position on the umbilical arterial flow, Acta Ob Gyn Scand, 1998; 77: 967-9.

What Do Doulas Do? AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p20.
Reference:
Campero L, et al, "Alone I wouldn't have known what to do" - A qualitative study on social support during labour and delivery in Mexico, Soc Sci Med, 1998;47:395-403.

Walking in Labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p19-20.
References:
Bloom S, et al, Lack of effect of walking on labour and delivery, N Eng J Med, 1998; 339: 76-79.
South Thames West Perinatal Audit Team, Understanding and Monitoring Perinatal Outcomes 1993-6, CESDI 1998.

Emotional support in labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p20.
Reference:
Lindow SW, The effect of emotional support on maternal oxytocin levels in labouring women, Eur J Ob Gyn Reprod Biol, 1987, 79: 127-9.

Does Early Induction Help the Large Baby? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p19.
Reference:
Gonen O, et al, Induction of labour versus expectant management in macrosomia: a randomised study. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1997; 89: 913-0917.

Summary of an Overview on the Third Stage of Labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 3, Autumn 1995, p16-17.
References:
Begley CM, A comparison of 'active' and 'physiological' management of third stage of labour, Midwifery, 1990. Vol 6, p3-17.
Enkin MW, Kierse MJNC, Renfrew M, Neilson JP, (eds). Pregnancy and Childbirth Module, Cochrane Database of systemic reviews, Cochrane Updates on Disk, Oxford Software, Disc Journal 1, 1994.
Prendiville W, Elbourne D, Care during the third stage of labour. In: Chalmers I et al, Effective Care During Pregnancy and Childbirth, Oxford University Press, 1989.
Prendiville J, DR, et al. The Bristol Third Stage Trial: Active v. physiological management of third stage of labour, BMJ 1988, Vol 297, pp 1295-1300.
Rogers J, Wilson J, Elbourne D et al. The Hinchinbrooke Third Stage Trial, In: Simms C, McHaffie H, Renfrew MJ et al. (eds), The Midwifery Research Database (MIRIAD), Books for Midwives Press, 1994.
Thilaganathan B, Cutner A, Latimer I et al. Management of the Third Stage of Labour in Women at Low Risk of Postpartum Haemorrhage, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology, 1993, Vol 48, pp19-22.

Partograph Use in Management of Labour. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 1, Spring 1995, p14-15.
Reference:
World Health Organization partograph in management of labour. WHO maternal health and safe motherhood programme. The Lancet, Vol 343, p13399-1404, 1994.

Bowel Damage from Vaginal Delivery - Forceps Increase the Risk. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 1, Spring 1994, p14-15.
References:
Logue M. Management of the third stage of labour - a midwife's view. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1990. 10. (Suppl2) S10-S12.
MacArthur C, Lewis M, Knox EG. Health after Childbirth - an investigation of long term health problems beginning after childbirth in 11701 women. HMSO London 1991.

Companionship on Labour and Breastfeeding. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p14.
Reference:
Justus Hofmeyr G, Nikodem CV, Wolman WL, Chalmers BE, Kramer T, Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour and breast-feeding, BJOG, August 1991, Vol 98, pp756-764.

Effect of Management of the Third Stage of Labour. A Midwife's View. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p29-30.
Reference:
Logue M. Management of the Third Stage of Labour. A Midwife's View. Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1990), 10 (Suppl.2), 510-512.

Legal Action

Discrimination in Dublin. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p18.
Reference:
Birchard K, Irish doctor wins sex discrimination case, Lancet, 2000; 355: 1895.

Should parents consider suing? AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 3, Autumn 1995, p15.
Reference:
Vincent C, et al. The impact of litigation on obstetricians and gynaecologists. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1994, Vol 14, pp 381-7.

Who Gets Sued the Most? AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 3, Autumn 1995, p15.
Reference:
Hickson G, et al. Obstetricians' prior mal-practice experience and patients' satisfaction with care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1994, Vol 272, p1583-1587.

Giving Consent to Research. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 2, Summer 1995, p15-16.
References:
UK Amniotomy Group. A multicentre randomised trial of amniotomy in spontaneous first labour at term. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol 101, pp307-9, 1994.
UK Amniotomy Group. Comparing routine versus delayed amniotomy in spontaneous first labour at term. The Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials, Vol 3, 1994.

Maternity Equipment

The Avent Niplette - Is it of Value? AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p13-14.
Reference:
Alexander JM, Grant AM, Campbell MJ. 1992. Randomised controlled trial of breast shells and Hoffman's exercises for inverted and non-protractile nipples. BMJ Vol 84, 1030-1032.

Delivery in An Obstetric Birth Chair: A randomised controlled trial. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p13.
Reference:
Crowley P, Elbourne D, Ashurst H, Garcia J, Murphy D, Duignan N, Delivery in an obstetric birthchair: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynacology, July 1991, Vol 98, pp667-674.

Midwifery Issues

…And Wendy Savage's Reply. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 1, Spring 1996, p19.
References:
Butler NR, Bonham DG, eds, Perinatal Mortality, Edinburgh, Livingstone, 1965.
Van Alten D, Rakes M, Treffers PR, Midwifery in the Netherlands: the Wormerveer study; selection, mode of delivery, perinatal mortality and infant morbidity, Br J Obstet Gynecol, 1989, 96: 656-62.
Gaskin, IM, Spritual Midwifery, obtainable from Book Company, The Farm, Summertown, Tennessee, 38483, USA, 1977.
Tew M, Place of Birth and perinatal mortality, J R Coll Gen Prac, 1985, 35:390-94.
Chalmers I, Enkin M, Oxford perinatal data-base overview of social support studies, obtainable from Oxford Electronic Publishing, OUP, 1989.
Klaus MH, Kennell JH, Robertson SS, Sona R, Effects of Social Support during paturition on maternal and infant morbidity, Br Med J, 1986, 293: 585-87.

Issues in the Delivery of Midwifery Care. AIMS Journal, Vol 5, No. 2, Summer 1993, p16-17.
Reference:
Hillan EM, Dept of Nursing Studies, Univ of Glasgow, Journal of Adv Nursing 1992, 17:274-278.

Midwife and GP led maternity units. AIMS Journal, Vol 5, No. 2, Summer 1993, p17.
Reference:
NHS Management Executive, Jan 1993.

Miscarriage

'Magnetic fields may cause miscarriage'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 1, Spring 2001, p17.
Reference:
Li D et al, Exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion, Paed perinatal Epidemiol, 2000; 14: A18.

Does coffee increase miscarriage rate? AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p17.
Reference:
Klebanoff M et al, Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion, N Eng J Med, 1999; 341: 1639-44.

"Miscarriage" not "Abortion". AIMS Journal, Vol 10. No 4, Winter1998/9, p16.
Reference:
Hutchon, D, Understanding miscarriage or insensiteive abortion: time for more defined terminology? Am J Ob Gyn, 1998: 397-8; (see also Hutchon, D, Copper S, Terminology for early pregnancy loss must be changed BMJ, 1998; 317: 1028 and 1081).

Was that Abortion Really Necessary? AIMS Journal, Vol 10. No 4, Winter1998/9, p16.
Reference:
Blanch G, et al, Embryonic abnormalities at medical termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol during first trimester: observational study, BMJ, 1998; 316: 1712-3.

Babies Who Cannot be Saved. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 4, Winter 1998/9, p17.
Reference:
McHaffieH, Fowlie P, Withdrawing treatment from neonates: the tensions of a team approach, Health Bulletin, 1998; 56: 803-12.

Depression after Miscarriage. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p19.
Reference:
Neugebauer R, et al. Major Depressive Disorder in the 6 months after Miscarriage. Journal of the American Medical Assocation, 1997, Vol 277, pp383-5.

Miscarriage - Choice and Quality of Care. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 1, Spring 1994, p13.
References:
Friedman T, Women's experiences of general practitioner management of miscarriage. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 1979, November, 456-458.
Sharma, JB, Medical Management of Miscarriage - psychological impact underestimated. BMJ, 1993, 306:1540.
Smith L. Should we intervene in uncomplicated miscarriage? BMJ, 1993;306:1540-1541.

Miscellaneous

How Communities Affect Child Development. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p21-22.
Reference:
Runyan D, et al, Children who prosper in unfavourable environments: The relationship to social capital, Pediatrics, 1998; 101: 12-18.

Wheezing and diarrhoea - the housing effect. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p21.
Reference:
Baker D, et al, Inequality in infant morbidity: causes and consequences in England in the 1990s, J Epidem Comm Health, 1998; 52: 451-8.

Men: Try the Empathy Belly. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 3, Autumn 1999, p15.

Transport for sick babies - How Dangerous it it? AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 4, Winter 1994, p17-18.
References:
Barry P and Ralston C. 'Adverse events occurring during interhospital transfer of the critically ill', Archives of Disease in Childhood, Vol 71, p8-11, 199.
'Mechanical Vibration in Ambulance Transport', Sherwood HB et al. Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecological Nursing, Vol 23, p 457-463, 1994.
Macrae D. 'Paediatric intensive care transport', Archives of Disease in Childhood, Vol 71, p175-8, 1994.

Pain and the Fetus, AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 4, Winter 1994, p17.
References:
Fan S Z et al 'Neuromuscular blockade of the fetus with pancuronium or pipecuronium for inter-uterine procedures', Anaesthesia, Vol 49, p 284-286, 1994.
Glannakouopoulos X et al, 'Fetal plasma cortisol and beta endorphin response to intrauterine needling', The Lancet, Vol. 344, p 77-81, 1994.

Long-Term Wheeze Protection. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Burr ML, et al, Infant feeding, wheezing and allergy: a prospective study, Archives of Disease in Childhood 68: p724-728, 1993

Glue Ear. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p15.
Reference:
Burris Duncan et al. Paediatrics 91:5: p867-872, 1993.

The Danger of Hot Baths in Pregnancy. AIMS Journal, Vol 5, No. 3, Autumn 1993, p17.
Reference:
Milunsky A, et al. Maternal Heat Exposure and Neural Tube Defects. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992, 268:882-4.

Medical Uses of Blood from the Umbilical Cord. AIMS Journal, Vol 5, No. 3, Autumn 1993, p17.

Rapid Estimation of birth weights: Ask the Mother. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 3, Autumn 1992, p13.
References:
Ong HC, Sen DK. Clinical estimation of foetal weight. AM J. Obstet Gynecol 1972:112;877-80.
Warsof SL, Wolf P, Coulehan J, Queenan JT, Comparison of foetal weight estimation formulas with and without head measurements. Obstet Gynecol, 1986; 67:569-73.

It's a woman's world - fathers' participation in smoking and drinking reduction in pregnancy. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p29.
Reference:
Waterson EJ, Evans C, Murray-Lyon IM. It's a woman's world - fathers' participation in smoking and drinking reduction in pregnancy. Health Education Journal (1989), 48, 2, 55-57.

Work and Pregnancy. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p22.
Reference:
Wergeland E, et al, Srenuous working conditions and birthweight, Norway 1989, Acta Ob Gyn Scand, 1998; 77: 263-71.

Emergency contraception. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p15.
Reference:
Reader F, Emergency contraception: a few days rather than a few hours to act, BMJ 1991, 302: 801.

Morning Sickness

'Ginger for nausea'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p 16 - 17.
References:
Vutyavanich T et al. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2001; 97: 577-82
Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding, Eur J Ob Reprod Biol, 1991; 42: 163-4.

Newborn

'Who checks the Baby?' AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 4, Winter 2001-2002 p15.
Reference:
Lee T. Skelton R, Skene C. Routine neonatal examination: effectiveness of trainee paediatrician compared with advanced neonatal nurse practitioner, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2001; 85: F100-F104.

'Babies' behaviour after birth'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p17.
Reference:
Matthiesen A, et al. Postpartum maternal oxytocin release by newborns: effects of infant hand massage and sucking, Birth 2001; 28: 13-19.

Care of Premature Babies … Learning from the Kangaroo. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 4, Winter 1994, p18.
References:
Whitelaw A, et al, 'Skin to Skin contact for very low birthweight infants and their mothers', Archives of Disease in Childhood, Vol 63, p1377-1381, 1988.
Sloan N. 'Kangaroo mother method: randomised controlled trial of an alternative method of care for stabilised low-birthweight infants', The Lancet, Vol 344, pp782-785, 1994.

Normal Birth

Technology Free Obstetrics at the Semmelweis Clinic. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 1, Spring 1996, p18-19.
Reference:
Koek CH, Kytir J, Munz R, Risiko "Sauglingatod", 1988; SCHRIFTEN DER OSTERR AKAD D WISSERISEN, Deuticke Wein.

Obstetric Issues

'Who's on duty?' AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 3, Autumn 2001, p18-19.
Reference:
Varawalla N and Settatree R, Does the attending obstetrician influence the mode of delivery in the standard nullipara? J Ob Gyn, 1988; 18: 520-3.

Are Clinicians interested in up to Date Reviews of Effective Care? AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 3, Autumn 1994, p18-19.
Reference:
Paterson-Brown S, Wyatt J, Fisk N, BMJ 1993; 307:1464.

A Case for Fewer Internals? AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 2, Summer 1994, p13.
Reference:
Mansell PL, Reckless JPD, Lovell CR, Severe anaphylactic reaction to latex rubber surgical gloves, BMJ, 22 January 1994, Vol 308, pp246-247.

Obstetric Wheels are Unreliable. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 2, Summer 1994, p13.
Reference:
McParland P, and Johnson H, Time to reinvent the wheel, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993, Vol 100, pp 1061-1062.

Pooling Information. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p13.
Reference:
Burns E, Greensmith K. Nursing Times, Feb 24, Vol. 89, No. 8, 1993.

Perinatal Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity. AIMS Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1993/4, p14.
Reference:
Gallo JE, Jacobsen L, Broberger U. ACTA Paediatr. 82, 829-34. 1993.

GP Trainees' Views on Hospital Obstetric Vocational Training. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 3, Autumn 1992, p13-14.
Reference:
Smith Lindsay FP, GP Trainees' Views on Hospital Obstetric Vocational Training. BMJ Vol 303; 7Dec 91:1447-1450.

Avoiding Medical Technology in Obstetrics. AIMS Journal, Vol 4, No. 2, Summer 1992, p13-14.
References:
Rockenschaub, A. Re-evaluating Modern Obstetrics: A Study from Vienna. Special Report in 1987, Medical and Health Annual Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.
Rockenschaub, A. Technology-Free Obstetrics at Semmelweis Clinic. Lancet, Vol 336, July 21, 1990.

Obstetricians' Management of Preterm Delivery. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 4, 1991, p23.
Reference:
Penn ZJ, Steer PJ, How obstetricians manage the problem of preterm delivery with special reference to the preterm breech. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaec, June 1991, Vol 98, p531-534.

Reflexology for Premenstrual Syndrome. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 1, Spring 1994, p15.
Reference:
Oleson T, and Flocco W. Randomized controlled study of premenstrual symptoms treated with ear, hand and foot relexology. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, December 1993, Vol 82, No. 6, pp906-9.

Personality disorder and starvation in the womb. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p16
Reference:
Neugebauer R et al, Prenatal exposure to wartime famine and development of antisocial personality disorder in early adulthood, JAMA, 1999; 282: 455-62. .

Obstetric hysterectomy - an alarming report. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p18.
Reference:
Gould D, et al. Emergency obstetric hysterectomy - an increasing incidence. Journ. Obstet. Gyn, 1999; 19: 580-583.

Paediatric Care

More About Kangaroo Care. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 4, Winter 1998/9, p17. 
Reference: 
Cattaneo A, et al, Kangaroo mother care for low birthweight infants: a randomised controlled trial in different settings, Acta Paediatrica, 1998; 87: 976-85.

Pain Relief

'Acupuncture more beneficial than physio for pregnancy back pain'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 1, Spring 2001, p16.
Reference:
Wedenberg K, et al, A prospective randomised study comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2000; 79: 331-335.

'Natural pain killers in breast milk'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 1, Spring 2001, p17.
Reference:
Zanardo V et al, Labor pain effects on colostral milk beta-endorphin concentrations of lactating mothers, Biol Neonate, 2001; 79: 87-90.

Cuddles or sugar or both? Pain relief for babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No. 1, Spring 2001, p17-18.
Reference:
Gormally S et al, Contact and nutrient caregiving effects on newborn infant pain responses, Development Med Child Neurol, 2001; 43: 28-38.

Epidurals and Fever. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p19.
Reference:
Dashe J et al, Epidural analgesia and intrapartum fever: placental findings, Ob Gyn, 1999; 93: 341-6.

Pain relief from water injections. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 2, Summer 1999, p19-20.
Reference:
Martensson L and Wallin G, Labour pain treated with cutaneous injections of sterile water: a randomised controlled trial, Br J Ob Gyn, 1999; 106: 633-7.

Politics

Auditing Maternity Care. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 1, Spring 1997, p17-18.
Reference:
The Audit Commission. First Class Delivery. Improving Maternity Services in England and Wales. Audit Commission Publications.

Postnatal Depression

Hormones and Postnatal Depression. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p 18.
Reference:
Bloch M, et al, Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression, Am J Psychi, 2000; 157: 924-930.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p 19.
Refer
Creedy D, et al, Childbirth and the Development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors, Birth, 2000; 27: 104-11.

Superstition and Hospital Discharge. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p20.
Reference:
O'Reilly D and Stevenson M, The effect of superstition on the day of discharge from maternity units in Northern Ireland: A Saturday flit is a short sit, J Ob Gyn, 2000; 20: 139-41.
Birth Companions and Postnatal Depression. AIMS Journal, Vol 11, No. 1, Spring 1999, p16.
Reference:
Wolman W et al. Postpartum depression and companionship in the clinical birth environment: A randomised controlled study, Am J Ob Gyn, 1993; 168: 1388-1393.

Depression and Length of Hospital Stay. AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p19.
Reference:
Dowsell T, et al, Short postnatal hospital stay: implications for women and service providers. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 1997, Vol 19, 132-6.

Twins and Depression. AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 3, 1991, p14.
Reference:
Thorpe K, Golding J, MacGillivery I, Greenwood R, Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons, BMJ 1991; 302:875-8.

Pre-eclampsia

Fathers contribute to pre-eclampsia risk. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p21.
Reference:
Terje R, et al, Fetal and maternal contributions to risk of pre-eclampsia: population based study, BMJ, 1998; 316: 1343-7.

Social Services

Effects of social work: information wanted. AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p15 
Unreferenced.

Statistics

Stillbirth

Missing Case Notes - Why? AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 2, Summer 1995, p14-15.
References:
Bourne S. The psychological effects of stillbirths on women and their doctors. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1968, Vol 16, pp103-12.

Stress

'Earthquakes and stress'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 4, Winter 2001-2002, p15-16.
Reference:
Glynn L et al, When stress happens matters: effects of earthquake timing on stress responsivity in pregnancy, Am J Ob Gyn, 2001; 184: 637-42.

Lack of support - smaller babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p16.
Reference:
Dejinh-Karlsson, E, et al, Association of a lack of psychosocial resources and the risk of giving birth to small for gestational age infants: a stress hypothesis, Br J Obs Gyn 2000, 107: 89-100.

Stress and Baby's Blood Supply. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 3, Autumn 2000, p19.
Reference:
Teixeira M, Fisk N, Glover V, Association between maternal anxiety in pregnancy and increased uterine artery resistance index: cohort based study, BMJ, 1999; 318: 153-7.

The consequences of Birth in Chains. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 4, Winter 1995/6, p15.
References:
Myers R. Maternal psychological stress and fetal asphyxia: A study in the monkey. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol 122, p47-5.
Morten Hedegaard et al. Psychological distress in pregnancy and preterm delivery, BMJ, Vol 307, p234, 24 July 1993.
Lou HC et al, Prenatal stressors of human life affect fetal brain development. Development Medicine and Child Neurology, 1994, Vol 36, p826-832.
Howie PW et al. Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ, 300, p11-16, 1990.
Williams AF. Human milk and the preterm baby, BMJ 306, 1993, p1628-1629.

Stress in the Womb Reduces Brain Growth. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 2, Summer 1995, p16-17.
References:
Lou HC, et al. Prenatal stressors of human life affect fetal brain development. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1994, Vol 36, 826-832.
Myers R. Maternal psychological stress and fetal asphyxia: A study in the monkey, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Vol 122, pp47-59.
Lou HC, et al. Psychosocial stress and severe prematurity. Lancet 1992, Vol 340, p 54.

Termination

Dilation and Evacuation for Second Trimester Genetic Pregnancy Termination. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p29.
Reference:
Shulman LP, Ling FW, Meyers CM, Shawklin DR, Simpson JL, Elias S. Dilation and Evacuation for Second Trimester Genetic Pregnancy Termination. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 75, 6, 1037-1040, 1990.

Twins/Multiple Birth

'Having a twin sister benefits boys'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 4, Winter 2001-2002, p15.
Reference:
Loos R, et al, Length of gestation and birthweight in dizygotic twins, Lancet, 2001; 358: 560-1

Stuck Twins and Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Management with Serial Amniocentesis, AIMS Journal, Vol 3, No. 2, 1991, p14.
References:
Mahony, Petty, Nyberg, Luthy, Hickok & Hirsch, The "Stuck Twin" phenomenon: untrasonographic findings, pregnancy outcome, and management with serial amniocentesis, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, November 1990, Vol 163, No. 5, Pt 1, pp1513-1521.
Urig, Clewell, Elliott, Twin - Twin Transfusion Syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, November 1990, Vol 163, No. 5, Pt 1, p1522-6.

Ultrasound

Ultrasound: why so little research? AIMS journal, Vol 14 No.2, 2002, p15
Unreferenced.

How reliable is ultrasound of newborn babies?'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No 1, Spring 2001, p 15.
Reference:
Reynolds P, Neonatal cranial ultrasound interpretation: a clinical audit, Arch Dis Childhood Fetal Neonatal Edition, 2001; 84: F92-F95.

Cleft lip and palate. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p18.
Reference:
Pan Y et al, Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal outcome of facial clefts, J Med Ultrasound, 1998:631-6.

Scans Don't Help Growth Retarded Babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p20-21.
Reference:
Jahn A, et al, Routine screening for intrauterine grow retardation in Germany: low sensitivity and questionable benefit for diagnosed cases, Acta Ob Gyn Scand 1998; 77: 643-89.

Ultrasound Failure in Norway. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p21.
Reference:
Skari H et al, Consequences of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis: a preliminary report on neonates with congenital malformations, Acta Ob Gyn Scand 1998; 177: 635-42.

More thoughts on ultrasound. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No.2, Summer 1998, p21.
Reference:
Skari H, et al, Consequences of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis: A preliminary report on neonates with congenital malformations, Acta Ob Gyn Scand, 1998; 77: 635-42.

When is the Baby Due? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 4, Winter 1997/8, p 14-15.
Reference:
Olsen O, and Clausen J, Routine ultrasound dating has not been shown to be more accurate than the calendar method, Br J Ob Gyn, 1997; 104: 1221-1222.

How safe is Ultrasound? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 4, Winter 1997/8, p15-16.
Reference:
Kieler, HK, et al, Routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy and the children's subsequent growth, vision and hearing, Br J Ob Gyn, 1997; 104: 1267-72.

How big is the Baby? AIMS Journal, Vol 9, No. 2, Summer 1997, p20.
Reference:
Johnstone F, et al. Clinical and ultrasound prediction of macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy. Br J Ob and Gyn, 1996; 103: 747-54.

Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Ultrasound. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 1, 1990, p6.
Reference:
Beattie and Dornan, Antenatal Screening for Intrauterine Growth Retardation with Umbilical Artery Doppler Ultrasonography. BMJ, Vol 298, 11th March 1989.

Dilation and Evacuation for Second Trimester Genetic Pregnancy Termination. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 3, 1990, p29.

Uterine Rupture

Risk of rupture with VBACs. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p18.
Reference:
Bujold E et al, Uterine rupture during a trial of labour after a one versus two-layer closure of a low transverse cesarean, Am J Ob Gyn, Jan 2001, SMFM Abstracts: S18.

'Uterine rupture rate increases'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p18.
Reference:
Weiss J et al, Population-based uterine rupture rates 1990-7, Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 2000; 14: A1-A34

Rupture with VBACs. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p16.
References:
Zelop C et al, Uterine rupture during induced or augmented labour in gravid women with one prior caesarean delivery, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 181: 882-6.
Caughey A et al, Rate of uterine rupture during a trial of labour in women with one or two prior caesarean deliveries, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 181: 872-6.
Ravasia D et al, Incidence of uterine rupture among women with mullerian duct anomalies who attempt vaginal birth after caesarean delivery, Am J Ob Gyn, 1999; 181: 877-81.

Risks of caesarean scar rupture. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 4, Winter 2000/1, p 16.
References:
Ravasia D, et al, Uterine rupture during induced trial of labour among women with previous caesarean delivery, Am J Ob Gyn, 2000; 183: 1176-9.
Esposito M, et al, Association of interpregnancy interval with uterine scar failure in labour: A case-control study, Am J Ob Gyn, 2000; 183: 1180-3.

Vaginal Birth After Caesarean - VBAC

'Vaginal birth after caesarean'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 4, Winter 2001-2002, p16-17.
Reference:
Blanchette H, et al. Is vaginal birth after caesarean safe? Experience at a community hospital, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001; 184: 1478-87.

'Risk of rupture with a VBAC'. AIMS Journal, Vol 13, No 4, Winter 2001-2002, p17.
Reference:
Lydon-Rochelle M, et al, Risk of uterine rupture during labor among women with a prior caeserean delivery, N Eng J Med, 2001; 345:3-8.

'Uterine rupture rate increases'. AIMS Journal Vol 13, No. 2, Summer 2001, p18.
Reference:
Weiss J et al, Population-based uterine rupture rates 1990-7, Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 2000; 14: A1-A34

Vaginal Delivery Safe after more than one Caesarean. AIMS Journal, Vol 2, No. 2, 1990, p20.
Reference:
Vaginal Birth after two or more previous caesarean sections. American Journal of obstetrics & Gynaecology, Vol 156, No. 3, March 1987, p565-566.

Vaccination/Immunisation

Dangers of immunisation in premature babies. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p17.
Reference:
Slack M, Shapira DE, Severe apnoeas following immunisation in premature infants, Arch. Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 1999; 81: F67-F68.

Mothers' attitudes to vaccination. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 1, Spring 2000, p17.
Reference:
Harrington P, et al, Vaccine, yes; injection, no: maternal responses to the introduction if haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, Br J Gen Practice, 1999; 49: 901-2.

Vacuum Delivery

Ventouse

A good Ventouse Birth. AIMS Journal, Vol 10, No. 3, Autumn 1998, p22.
Reference:
Gould D, et al, Assisted birth not assisted delivery, Midwifery Matters, Autumn 1998; 78: 3.

Water Birth

Waterbirth - Looking for Bad News. AIMS Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, Summer 2000, p15-16.
Reference:
Gilbert R, Tookey P, Perinatal mortality and morbidity among babies delivered in water: surveillance study and postal survey, BMJ 1999 vol 310 pp483-7.

Waterbirth: False Hopes, False Promises. AIMS Journal, Vol 8, No. 3, Autumn 1996, p17-18.
Reference:
Marchant S, et al, Labour and birth in water: National variations in practice. British Journal of Midwifery 1996, Vol 4, No. 8, 408-12 and 429-30.

Waterbirth Study. AIMS Journal, Vol 7, No. 1, Spring 1995, p16.
Reference:
Burke E and Kilfoyle A. A comparative study waterbirth and bedbirth. Midwives' Chronicle, January 1995, p3-7.

Labouring in Water: Results of the First Randomised Trial. AIMS Journal, Vol 6, No. 4, Winter 1994, p16-17.
Reference:
Cammu H et al. 'To bathe or not to bathe during the first stage of labour', Acta Obstetrica Gynacologica Scandinavica, Vol. 73, p468-472, 1994.

To mail-order any of these items, please use the printable order form.

Version $Revision: 1.7 $ last updated $Date: 2007/11/17 22:38:36 $ by $Author: debbie $